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英语-阅读理解
Passage 1
Plastic,and in particular single-use plastic shopping bags, are a major environmental concern. Most of the plastic that has been produced still persists, and yes,it is a problem that will outlive people for many centuries.
History of Plastic Bag Use
Plastic bags are a relatively new item in grocery stores.They were not produced until the early 1960s and were not in common use in grocery stores until 1982, reports National Geographic. Plastic can be used for a variety of purposes and is very cheap, which has made it widely used in daily life today. However, bags that are discarded after just one use have become a major environment concern.
The ubiquity of plastics
The Guardian reported a scientific study in 2016 which has estimated the enormity of plastic pollution. The study found that no corner of the world is free of plastic waste anymore, and theenvironment can no longer be considered healthy. Even Arctic regions are polluted by plastic as are oceans and the ocean bed. Plastic's effect on the environment is so severe that the scientists consider plastics "should now be considered as a marker for a new epoch" in the geological lite of the earth. They found that single-use plastic bags and cups are the main pollutants.The current age could well be dubbed the "Age of Plastics" due to the negative effect of plastic, and the act hat their degradation rates is slow,ensuring that they will remain intact for a long time in landfills and ocean bottoms.
Amounts of Plastic Bags Used and Discarded
The number of plastic bags being produced has been increasing over the years, with many of the single-use bags being given away free of charge in many supermarkets and stores. By 2002 a total of five trillion plastic bags were produced annually, reports Worldwatch Institute. Of these, one trillion were single-use bags.Developed countries like the U.S. and Europe consume 80% of the global production of plastic bags.
Recycling Potential of Different Plastics
Post-use plastic bags are not always accepted at the plastic recycle bins. The EnvironmentalProtection Agency(EPA) explains that it is because they could clog and disrupt machines. Therefore, finding places to dispose plastic bags is a problem for many households.
Adding to the confusion are the different materials used to make the bags. The thicker bags are made of high-density polyethylene (HDEP or #2 plastic), but the thinner bags are made from low-density polyethylene (LDEP or #4 plastic) according to an American Chemistry Council (ACC) report.
These types need different process to recycle and reclaim the material. Therefore, all bags have not been welcomed at recycling centers. If the plastic bags are not recycled but end up in landfills, they could take hundreds of years to decompose.
However, this situation has just begun to improve. HDEP plastics or the thicker bags are readily accepted for recycling. The collection of LDEP is just catching on in bigger cities in recent times according to Columbia University.
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